Step 1: Prepare the Dough

In a large mixing bowl, combine the warm water and sugar. Sprinkle the yeast over the top and let it sit for 5-10 minutes, or until the mixture becomes frothy. This step activates the yeast and ensures your pretzels will rise properly.

Add the salt and 3 cups of flour to the yeast mixture, stirring with a wooden spoon or dough hook until a sticky dough forms. Gradually add the remaining 1 cup of flour, a little at a time, until the dough is soft and no longer sticky.

Step 2: Knead the Dough

Transfer the dough to a lightly floured surface and knead it for about 5-7 minutes, or until it becomes smooth and elastic. Alternatively, you can use a stand mixer with a dough hook attachment to knead the dough for 5 minutes.

Step 3: Let the Dough Rise

Place the dough in a lightly greased bowl, cover it with a clean kitchen towel or plastic wrap, and let it rise in a warm place for 1 hour, or until it doubles in size.

Step 4: Preheat the Oven and Prepare the Baking Soda Bath

Preheat your oven to 450°F (230°C). Line two baking sheets with parchment paper or silicone baking mats.

In a large pot, bring 4 cups of water to a boil. Carefully add the baking soda, stirring until it dissolves. Reduce the heat to a simmer.

Step 5: Shape the Pretzels

Once the dough has risen, punch it down to release any air bubbles. Divide the dough into 8 equal portions. Roll each portion into a long rope, about 20-24 inches in length. Shape each rope into a pretzel by forming a U-shape, crossing the ends over each other, and pressing them down onto the bottom of the U.

Step 6: Dip in the Baking Soda Bath

Using a slotted spatula, gently lower each pretzel into the baking soda bath for 20-30 seconds. This step is crucial for achieving the chewy texture and golden-brown color of classic pretzels. Remove the pretzel from the bath and place it on the prepared baking sheet. Repeat with the remaining pretzels.

Step 7: Add the Toppings

Brush each pretzel with the beaten egg to give them a shiny finish. Sprinkle with coarse sea salt or pretzel salt. For sweet pretzels, skip the salt and save the cinnamon sugar for after baking.

Step 8: Bake the Pretzels

Bake the pretzels in the preheated oven for 12-15 minutes, or until they’re golden brown. Rotate the baking sheets halfway through for even baking.

Step 9: Serve and Enjoy

Remove the pretzels from the oven and let them cool slightly before serving. For sweet pretzels, brush them with melted butter and sprinkle with cinnamon sugar. Serve warm with your favorite dips or toppings.